System BEEP using VB.NET

   Public Shared Function _
       aBeep(ByVal dwFreq As Integer, ByVal dwDuration As Integer)   As Boolean
        ' can leave body of the function empty.
    End Function

Use system dll for beep.

Now call aBeep(100,100), multiple time to make a rhythmic beep.

Writing To and Reading from a text file in LABVIEW

Block diagram and Front Panel 

Keyboard and Explorer shortcuts

sfc /scannow
chkdsk /f /r
net start spooler


RUN
services.msc
msconfig
eudcedit
%temp%

More than 100 Keyboard Shortcuts must read
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Keyboard Shorcuts (Microsoft Windows)
1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents opensimultaneou sly)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
25. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
26. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
27. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the rightor to the beginning of the next line)
2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left orto the end of the previous line)
3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
8. END (Move to the end of the line)
9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web )

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Disable close button on Title Bar in vb.net

place this code in the form code

'declare constant
Private Const DIS_CLOSE_BUTTON As Integer = &H200

'code
    Protected Overloads Overrides ReadOnly Property CreateParams() As CreateParams
        Get
            Dim p As CreateParams = MyBase.CreateParams
            p.ClassStyle = p.ClassStyle Or DIS_CLOSE_BUTTON
            '   p.ClassStyle = p.ClassStyle Or &H200
            Return p  
        End Get
    End Property

Atmega16 I2C example and writing to EEPROM

#include
#include
#include
#define high_byte(x) ((x & 0xFF00) >> 8)
#define NO 0x00 // Value representing NO
// I2C Bus functions
#asm
   .equ __i2c_port=0x12 ;PORTD
   .equ __sda_bit=3
   .equ __scl_bit=2
#endasm
#include
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include
// Declare your global variables here
unsigned char read_byte (unsigned int address);    
void write_byte (unsigned char data_out, unsigned int address);
void READ_FREQ_COUNTER(void);  
void READ_PC_COUNTER(void);  
void WRITE_TO_EEPROM(void);

void WRITE_TO_EEPROM2(void);
unsigned int FREQ_COUNTER=1;
unsigned int PC_COUNTER=3;
void main(void)
{
unsigned char b[20];
// Declare your local variables here

// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0xff;
DDRB=0x00;

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0xff;

// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xff;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x00;

// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
PORTD.2=0;
PORTD.3=0;
// I2C Bus initialization
i2c_init();

//unsigned char i2c_start(void);
//unsigned char i2c_read(unsigned char ack);
//unsigned char i2c_write(unsigned char data);
//write_byte((unsigned char)eeprom_address , 1);
//eeprom_address1=  read_byte(1);

//READ_PC_COUNTER();
delay_ms(200);
READ_FREQ_COUNTER();

sprintf(b,"FREQ - %u ,PC - %u",FREQ_COUNTER,PC_COUNTER) ;
lcd_init(40);
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsf("ETM");
delay_ms(2000);
while (1)
      {
       
        sprintf(b,"FREQ - %u ,PC - %u",FREQ_COUNTER,PC_COUNTER) ;
        lcd_clear();
        lcd_puts(b);        
       
          if (PINB.1 == 0)
          {
             FREQ_COUNTER++;
             WRITE_TO_EEPROM();
             delay_ms(200);
          }
           
         
           if (PINB.2 == 0)
          {
              PC_COUNTER++;
             WRITE_TO_EEPROM();
             delay_ms(200);
          }  
         
           if (PINB.3 == 0)
          {
               READ_FREQ_COUNTER();
              // READ_PC_COUNTER();
                delay_ms(200);
          }  
         
         delay_ms(600);
      };
}


void write_byte (unsigned char data_out, unsigned int address)
{
i2c_start(); // Send start signal
i2c_write(0xA0);       // Send identifier I2C address
i2c_write(high_byte(address)); // Send address to EEPROM
    i2c_write((unsigned char)address);   // Send address to EEPROM
    i2c_write(data_out);             // Send low byte to EEPROM
    delay_ms(100);       // Delay a period of time to write
    i2c_stop();                   // Send I2C Stop Transfer
    delay_ms(100);       // Delay a period of time to write
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Procedure: read_byte
// Inputs: address
// Outputs: none
// Description: Reads a byte from the EEPROM given the address
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned char read_byte (unsigned int address)
{
unsigned char data_in;

i2c_start(); // Send start signal

i2c_write(0xA0);               // Send identifer I2C address
    i2c_write(high_byte(address));   // Send address to EEPROM
    i2c_write((unsigned char)address);   // Send address to EEPROM
i2c_start();             // Send I2C Start Transer
i2c_write(0xA1);               // Send identifer I2C address
    data_in = i2c_read(NO);       // Read byte
    i2c_stop();                   // Send I2C Stop Transfer

    return data_in;                
}



void WRITE_TO_EEPROM()
{
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xA0);    
//i2c_write(0x00);
i2c_write(high_byte(0)); // Send address to EEPROM
    i2c_write((unsigned char)0);      
i2c_write((unsigned char)FREQ_COUNTER);
delay_ms(40);
i2c_stop();

delay_ms(100);

i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xA0);
i2c_write(0x10);
//i2c_write(high_byte(0)); // Send address to EEPROM
 //   i2c_write((unsigned char)0);
i2c_write((unsigned char)PC_COUNTER);  
delay_ms(40);
i2c_stop();
}

void READ_FREQ_COUNTER()
{
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xA0);    
    i2c_write(high_byte(0));   // Send address to EEPROM
    i2c_write((unsigned char)0);
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xA1);        
FREQ_COUNTER = i2c_read(0);

i2c_stop();

delay_ms(100);

i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xA0);  
i2c_write(0x10);
   // i2c_write(high_byte(0));   // Send address to EEPROM
   // i2c_write((unsigned char)0);  
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xA1);
PC_COUNTER = i2c_read(0);

//   eeprom_address = i2c_read(0);
//    sprintf(b,"EE - %u , %u",i2c_read(0x00), i2c_read(0x00)) ;
i2c_stop();
}



void WRITE_TO_EEPROM2()
{
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xB0);    
i2c_write(0x00);    
i2c_write((unsigned char)PC_COUNTER);  
i2c_stop();
}



void READ_PC_COUNTER()
{
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xB0);    
i2c_write(0x00);
i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xB1);        
//  eeprom_address1 = i2c_read(0);
PC_COUNTER = i2c_read(0);
//    sprintf(b,"EE - %u , %u",i2c_read(0x00), i2c_read(0x00)) ;
i2c_stop();
}

Cirrus CS 5490 IC with VB.NET

Code used in VB.NET to communicate with Cirrus CS 5490 IC

These code has to be sent to serial port (RS232)
Only code related to read something (say RMS of Channel 1 and 2) will return 3 bytes.

(HEXADECIMAL CODES)

'Wake up                      "C3"
'Single reading               "D4"
'RMS page selection      "90"

        'HOW TO ENABLE FFT AND IIF  (CODES)
         "40"    '  write register and three bytes
         "0A"    ' enable HPF AND IIF ON
         "02"
         "10"

 'ABOVE 4 BYTES WILL SET REGISTER WHICH WILL ENABLE FFT AND IIF


' NOW IN TIMER OR INFINITE LOOP

 "D4"   'UPDATE READING BY IC

 "06"   'READ RMS OF CH1, ON RECEIVING THIS BYTE IC WILL SEND 3 BYTES

 "07"   'READ RMS OF CH2, ON RECEIVING THIS BYTE IC WILL SEND 3 BYTES


AFTER 06 AND 07 IC WILL SEND 3 BYTES OF RMS VOLTAGE OF CH1 AND CH2.

--

RS232 settings in Atmega16/32

Steps for RS232 communication using Atmega16 and VB.net application

1. Set Baud Rate
#define F_CPU 8000000L
#define USART_BAUDRATE 9600
#define BAUD_PRESCALE (((F_CPU / (USART_BAUDRATE * 16UL))) - 1)

2. Register Setting
   UCSRB |= (1 << RXEN) | (1 << TXEN);   // Turn on the transmission and reception circuitry
   UCSRC |= (1 << URSEL) | (1 << UCSZ0) | (1 << UCSZ1); // Use 8-bit character sizes

   UBRRH = (BAUD_PRESCALE >> 8); // Load upper 8-bits of the baud rate value into the high byte of the UBRR register
   UBRRL = BAUD_PRESCALE; // Load lower 8-bits of the baud rate value into the low byte of the UBRR register

   UCSRB |= (1 << RXCIE); // Enable the USART Recieve Complete interrupt (USART_RXC)

3. Interrupt Routine
// this will echo back the same char
ISR(USART_RXC_vect) {
  char R;
   R = UDR;
  UDR =  R;
}


4. sei();

5.  main()
and infinite loop

Conversions Binary, Octal, Decimals and HexaDecimals in VB.NET

            'let str is a byte in 0 - 255
            Dim str As Integer = tb_BYTE.Text

            Me.TB_BIN.Text = "Bin:" & Convert.ToString(str, 2)
            Me.TB_OCT.Text = "Oct:" & Convert.ToString(str, 8)
            Me.TB_DEC.Text = "Dec:" & Convert.ToString(str, 10)
            Me.TB_HEXA.Text = "Hex:" & Convert.ToString(str, 16).ToUpper

5094 analyzer IC

Working on 5094 power analyzer IC.................